| * |
match any number of characters |
| ./configure --prefix=path |
run the configure utility setting the installation path to the selected one |
| ./programm |
run the programm(executable files) |
| ? |
match one character |
| ^C |
kill the job running in the foreground |
| ^R |
recursive search |
| ^Z |
suspend the job running in the foreground |
| apropos keyword |
match commands with keyword in their man pages |
| bc |
calculator |
| bg |
background the suspended job |
| cat file |
display a file |
| cat file1 file2 > file0 |
concatenate file1 and file2 to file0 |
| cd |
change directory |
| cd .. |
change to th parent directory |
| cd ~ |
change to the home directory |
| cd directory |
change to the named directory |
| cd file1 file2 |
copy file1 and call it file2 |
| chmod [options] |
file change access rights for named file |
| command & |
run command in background |
| command < file |
redirect standard input from a file |
| command > file |
redirect standard output to a file |
| command >> file |
append standard output to a file |
| command1 pipe command2 |
pipe the output of command1 to the input of command2 |
| df |
space left on the system |
| diff |
compares the content of two files |
| du |
kilobytes used by a directory |
| echo ' test' |
creates a text |
| fg %1 |
foreground job number 1 |
| file |
classifies the file according to its type |
| find |
search through the directories |
| grep 'keyword' |
file search a file for keywords' |
| gunzip |
expands a file |
| gzip |
reduces the size |
| head file |
display the first few lines of a file |
| help command |
short description of the use of the comman |
| history |
keeps an ordered list of all the commands |
| jobs |
list current jobs |
| kill %1 |
kill job number 1 |
| kill 26152 |
kill process number 26152(PID) |
| less file |
display a file a page at a time |
| ls |
list files in a directory |
| ls -a |
list all files and directories |
| ls -l |
list access rights for all files |
| make |
compile the package |
| make check |
run any self-tests that come with the package |
| make install |
install the programs and any data files and documentation |
| man command |
read the online manual page for a command |
| mkdir |
make a directory |
| mv file1 file2 |
move or rename file1 to file2 |
| printenv pipe less |
show all values of environmment variables |
| ps |
list current processes |
| pwd |
display the path of the current directory |
| rm file |
remove a file |
| rmdir directory |
remove a directory |
| set pipe less |
show all values of shell variables |
| sort |
sort data |
| tail file |
display the last few lines of a file |
| tar -xvf |
extract the contents of the tar file |
| touch file |
creates a file |
| wc file |
count number of lines/words/characters in file |
| whatis command |
brief description of a command |
| who |
list users currently logged in |
| zcat |
read gzipped files |